Application technology for the control of codling moth with entomopathogenic nematode

Codling moth is a key pest in South African deciduous fruit orchards, with the ability to cause up to 80% fruit infestation if left untreated. In the past, this pest was predominantly controlled by the use of harsh chemicals. However, environmental concerns associated with broad-spectrum insecticides and the increased demand for organically produced/residue-free fruit has led to the development of alternative pest management strategies aimed at eliminating codling moth from local orchards. One of these methods is the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). These nematodes are lethal pathogens of insects, and have previously been proven to be effective biological control agents of codling moth under local conditions. The technical aspects involved in the application of these biological control agents still need to be investigated. This will enable the development of a protocol, summarizing the key elements which need to be considered when applying these control agents to ensure that the application is successful and economically viable in the long-term.